Stroke

Definition

The stroke is a acute disease characterized by a deficit in neurological function that is the result of a physiologogical disorder, the lack of oxygenation of the brain cells. Unlike the stroke, the TIA ( transient ischemic attack) lasts for less than 24 hours and then occours a reversal of abnormal activity.

The stroke is a 3^rd leading causing of death worldwide.

You can divide the stroke into hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. The hemorrhagic stroke is characterized by a local hemorrhage (brain hemorrhage). During the ischemic stroke occurs an occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel that prevent the oxygen supply to the brain cells. Most of the strokes are ischemic.

Risk Factors

- Age: the older, more likely to suffer stroke;

- Gender, frequent in men and postmenopausal women;

- Ethnicity, more common in black race;

- Hypertension;

- Smoking and alcohol;

- High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides;

- Diaberes mellitus;

- Obesity.

Symptoms

- Weakness or tingling and numbness of one limbo r one side of the body;

- Loss of coordination;

- Difficulty in speech;

- Loss of vision;

- Headache;

- Vomiting;

- Memory loss, confusion, difficulty in expression;

- Difficulty in moving the face;

- Seizures.

Diagnosis

The history and physical examination is essential for diagnosis. Doctors usually recommend CT and nuclear magnetic resonance to locate and identify the affected brain area. Complementary tests are laboratorial tests of urine and blood and the evaluation of cardiac and pulmonary function.

Treatment

- Control of risk factors;

- Antiplatelet and anti coagulant medication;

- Rehabilitation if necessary: restoration of the affected functions, active and passive movements of joints.

How to prevent?

- Hypertension and diabetes control;

- Stop smoking;

- Platelet aggregation inhibitors (like aspirin);

- Drinking fluids;

- Moderate consumption of cofee, alcohol and soft drinks;

- Adequate food;

- Exercice.